%% [[Writing Philosophy with Hypertext]] [[writing technologies]] [[linking]] [[analog linking]] %% [[Writing Philosophy with Hypertext]] - [[A Brief History of Linked Writing]] - [[Analogue Linking]] - **[[Zettelkasten]]** - [[Zettelkasten Linking]] - [[Digital Linking (Hypertext)]] - [[Notetaking Software (PKMs)]] # Zettelkasten - Nikolas Luhmann's [[Zettelkasten]] is widely recognized as having used text references to construct a successful analogue heterarchical note organization system, which he called a Zettlekasten. - A Zettelkasten refers to (1) a technical organization of note cards and slipboxes that represents the primary analogue predecessor of modern linked notetaking systems and (2) a form of writing that can be realized in analogue or digital forms. - Luhmann used his Zettelkasten to write in a modular fashion. - Instead of setting out to write complete drafts, he wrote, organized, and curated a large number (90k+) of smaller notes. - When it came time to write a publishable draft, Luhmann began by using his [[Zettelkasten Linking|Zettelkasten organizational system]] to retrieve notes potentially relevant to the topic. - He then assembled those notes on a workbench into a contentful outline that could approach a finished product depending on the quality of the notes and began writing the draft manuscript. - While Luhmann never abandoned his analogue Zettelkasten, he did recognize the possibility and practical advantages of digitizing his system. But digitization also transforms the organizational possibilities of linked notetaking systems. ## References - Ahrens 2017, *How to Take Smart Notes* - [[Zettelkasten Linking]] - Lüdecke, Daniel. (2015). "Introduction into Luhmanns Zettelkasten-Thinking and its Technical Implementation." [Link](Https://www.researchgate.net/profile/daniel-luedecke/publication/322931870_introduction_into_luhmanns_zettelkasten-thinking_and_its_technical_implementation/links/5a78470e45851541ce5ae3ac/introduction-into-luhmanns-zettelkasten-thinking-and-its-technical-implementation.pdf) - Ratcliff, Jason. (2021). "Using A Zettelkasten to Manage Your Ideas." [Link](https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/abs/10.12968/joan.2021.10.1.37) - Kahn, Al. (2020). "Zettelkasten Method: How to Take Smart Notes for Knowledge Management." [Link](https://leananki.com/zettelkasten-method-smart-notes/) - Luhmann 1992, "Communicating with Slip Boxes". - Sascha. (2020). "Introduction to the Zettelkasten Method." [Link](https://zettelkasten.de/introduction/) - Basu, Arindam. (2020) "What Is Zettelkasten and How to Write "Papers" Using Zettelkasten?" [Link](https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/f7e3/a457b9c9749603c79a0dd57e84fb042b82e7.pdf) - Schmidt, Johannes. (2016). "Niklas Luhmann’s Card Index: Thinking Tool, Communication Partner, Publication Machine". In Cevolini 2016, *Forgetting Machines - Knowledge Management Evolution in Early Modern Europe*.