%% [[Writing Philosophy with Hypertext]] [[History of Writing]] [[Alphabet]] %% [[Writing Philosophy with Hypertext]] - [[A Brief History of Writing]] - **[[History of Writing I The Alphabet]]** - [[History of Writing II Printing]] - [[History of Writing III Digitization]] # History of Writing I The Alphabet - Writing was invented independently in multiple societies, however the alphabet was invented only once c1700 BCE in the near-east (Lebanon). - By associating phonemes with graphemes (letters) alphabets enable the direct transcription of a spoken language into text. - They thereby encouraged a logocentric philosophy of writing, as evidenced in Plato and Aristotle. ## Media ![[History of Alphabet.jpg]] ## References - Aristotle, "De Interpretatione" 1.1-6 in Aristotle, ., & Barnes, J. (1984). _The complete works of Aristotle: The revised Oxford translation_. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. - Derrida, J. (1971). "Plato's Pharmacy". In Barbara Johnson (ed.), _Dissemination._ Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. pp. 61-171 (1981) - Gabrial, "History of Writing Technologies" In Bazerman, C. (Ed.). (2008). _Handbook of research on writing: History, society, school, individual, text._ Taylor & Francis Group/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 47-60. - Harris 1986, *The Origin of Writing* - Olson Chapter 9 "A History of Written Discourse from Mnemonics to Representation," pp. 179-195. In Olson, D. R. (1994). _The World on Paper: The Conceptual and Cognitive Implications of Writing and Reading._ Cambridge University Press. - Plato, "Theatetus" 191c-195a. In Plato, ., Cooper, J. M., & Hutchinson, D. S. (1997). _Complete works_. - Plato "Phaedrus" 274c-278d. In Plato, ., Cooper, J. M., & Hutchinson, D. S. (1997). _Complete works_. - Schmandt-Besserat & Erard, "Origins and Forms of Writing." In Bazerman, C. (Ed.). (2008). _Handbook of research on writing: History, society, school, individual, text._ Taylor & Francis Group/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 47-60. - van Sommers, P. (1991). Where writing starts: The analysis of action applied to the historical development of writing. In J. Wann, A. M. Wing, & N. Sõvik (Eds.), _Development of graphic skills: Research perspectives and educational implications_ (pp. 3–38). Academic Press.